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Table of Contents
Abstract
The ThinkSystem 5400 MAX Mixed Use SATA 6Gb SSDs are advanced data center SSDs optimized for mixed read-write performance and endurance. These self-encrypting SSDs (SEDs) are based on the Micron 5400 MAX platform and are available in capacities ranging from 480GB to 3.84TB. They are engineered for greater performance and endurance in a cost-effective design, and to support a broader set of workloads.
This product guide provides essential presales information to understand the 5400 MAX SSDs, their key features and specifications, components and options, and configuration guidelines. This guide is intended for technical specialists, sales specialists, sales engineers, IT architects, and other IT professionals who want to learn more about the 5400 MAX SSDs and consider their use in IT solutions.
Change History
Changes in the May 5, 2023 update:
- Added the following 3.5-inch drive:
- ThinkSystem 3.5" 5400 MAX 1.92TB Mixed Use SATA 6Gb HS SSD, 4XB7A87202
Introduction
The ThinkSystem 5400 MAX Mixed Use SATA 6Gb SSDs are advanced data center SSDs optimized for mixed read-write performance and endurance. These self-encrypting SSDs (SEDs) based on the Micron 5400 MAX platform and are available in capacities ranging from 480GB to 3.84TB. They are engineered for greater performance and endurance in a cost-effective design, and to support a broader set of workloads.
Figure 1. ThinkSystem 5400 MAX Mixed Use SATA 6Gb SSDs
Did you know?
Self-encrypting drives (SEDs) provide benefits by encrypting data on-the-fly at the drive level with no performance impact, by providing instant secure erasure thereby making the data no longer readable, and by enabling auto-locking to secure active data if a drive is misplaced or stolen from a system while in use. These features are essential for many businesses, especially those storing customer data.
Rigorous testing of the 5400 MAX SSDs by Lenovo through the ServerProven program assures a high degree of storage subsystem compatibility and reliability. Providing additional peace of mind, these drives are covered under Lenovo warranty.
Part number information
The following table lists the ThinkSystem part numbers.
Features
The 5400 MAX SSDs have the following features:
- Industry standard 2.5-inch form factor
- Compliant with the Trusted Computing Group Enterprise Security Subsystem Class cryptographic standard (TCG Enterprise SSC)
- Supports the SafeStore self-encrypting drive (SED) functionality of ThinkSystem RAID adapters
- New generation 176-layer 3D TLC NAND flash memory
- Suitable for read-intensive workloads with an endurance of up to 5.0 full drive writes per day (DWPD) for 5 years
- 6 Gbps SATA host interface
- High reliability and enhanced ruggedness
- Absence of moving parts to reduce potential failure points in the server
- S.M.A.R.T. support
- Advanced Encrypting Standard (AES) 256-bit encryption
- Supports Sanitize Cryptographic Erase
- Full end-to-end data path protection:
- Extended error correction code (ECC)
- Exclusive-OR (XOR) parity to protect against Flash die failure
- Parity-checked internal data paths without an external write cache
- Power loss data management without the need for a supercapacitor
SSDs have a huge but finite number of program/erase (P/E) cycles, which affect how long they can perform write operations and thus their life expectancy. Mixed Use SSDs have a higher write endurance compared to Read Intensive SSDs. SSD write endurance is typically measured by the number of program/erase cycles that the drive can incur over its lifetime, which is listed as total bytes written (TBW) in the device specification.
The TBW value that is assigned to a solid-state device is the total bytes of written data that a drive can be guaranteed to complete. Reaching this limit does not cause the drive to immediately fail; the TBW simply denotes the maximum number of writes that can be guaranteed. A solid-state device does not fail upon reaching the specified TBW. However, at some point after surpassing the TBW value (and based on manufacturing variance margins), the drive reaches the end-of-life point, at which time the drive goes into read-only mode. Because of such behavior, careful planning must be done to use SSDs in the application environments to ensure that the TBW of the drive is not exceeded before the required life expectancy.
For example, the 5400 MAX 960 GB drive has an endurance of 8,760 TB of total bytes written (TBW). This means that for full operation over five years, write workload must be limited to no more than 4,800 GB of writes per day, which is equivalent to 5.0 full drive writes per day (DWPD). For the device to last three years, the drive write workload must be limited to no more than 8,000 GB of writes per day, which is equivalent to 8.3 full drive writes per day.
The benefits of drive encryption
All ThinkSystem 5400 MAX Mixed Use SATA 6Gb SSDs support drive encryption.
Self-encrypting drives (SEDs) provide benefits in three main ways:
- By encrypting data on-the-fly at the drive level with no performance impact
- By providing instant secure erasure (cryptographic erasure, thereby making the data no longer readable)
- By enabling auto-locking to secure active data if a drive is misplaced or stolen from a system while in use
The following sections describe the benefits in more details.
Automatic encryption
It is vital that a company keep its data secure. With the threat of data loss due to physical theft or improper inventory practices, it is important that the data be encrypted. However, challenges with performance, scalability, and complexity have led IT departments to push back against security policies that require the use of encryption. In addition, encryption has been viewed as risky by those unfamiliar with key management, a process for ensuring a company can always decrypt its own data. Self-encrypting drives comprehensively resolve these issues, making encryption both easy and affordable.
When the self-encrypting drive is in normal use, its owner need not maintain authentication keys (otherwise known as credentials or passwords) in order to access the data on the drive. The self-encrypting drive will encrypt data being written to the drive and decrypt data being read from it, all without requiring an authentication key from the owner.
Drive retirement and disposal
When hard drives are retired and moved outside the physically protected data center into the hands of others, the data on those drives is put at significant risk. IT departments retire drives for a variety of reasons, including:
- Returning drives for warranty, repair, or expired lease agreements
- Removal and disposal of drives
- Repurposing drives for other storage duties
Nearly all drives eventually leave the data center and their owner's control. Corporate data resides on such drives, and when most leave the data center, the data they contain is still readable. Even data that has been striped across many drives in a RAID array is vulnerable to data theft because just a typical single stripe in today’s high-capacity arrays is large enough to expose for example, hundreds of names and bank account numbers.
In an effort to avoid data breaches and the ensuing customer notifications required by data privacy laws, companies use different methods to erase the data on retired drives before they leave the premises and potentially fall into the wrong hands. Current retirement practices that are designed to make data unreadable rely on significant human involvement in the process, and are thus subject to both technical and human failure.
The drawbacks of today’s drive retirement practices include the following:
- Overwriting drive data is expensive, tying up valuable system resources for days. No notification of completion is generated by the drive, and overwriting won’t cover reallocated sectors, leaving that data exposed.
- Methods that include degaussing or physically shredding a drive are expensive. It is difficult to ensure the degauss strength is optimized for the drive type, potentially leaving readable data on the drive. Physically shredding the drive is environmentally hazardous, and neither practice allows the drive to be returned for warranty or expired lease.
- Some companies have concluded the only way to securely retire drives is to keep them in their control, storing them indefinitely in warehouses. But this is not truly secure because a large volume of drives coupled with human involvement inevitably leads to some drives being lost or stolen.
- Professional disposal services is an expensive option and includes the cost of reconciling the services as well as internal reports and auditing. Transporting of the drives also has the potential of putting the data at risk.
Self-encrypting drives eliminate the need to overwrite, destroy, or store retired drives. When the drive is to be retired, it can be cryptographically erased, a process that is nearly instantaneous regardless of the capacity of the drive.
Instant secure erase
The self-encrypting drive provides instant data encryption key destruction via cryptographic erasure. When it is time to retire or repurpose the drive, the owner sends a command to the drive to perform a cryptographic erasure. Cryptographic erasure simply replaces the encryption key inside the encrypted drive, making it impossible to ever decrypt the data encrypted with the deleted key.
Self-encrypting drives reduce IT operating expenses by reducing asset control challenges and disposal costs. Data security with self-encrypting drives helps ensure compliance with privacy regulations without hindering IT efficiency. So called "Safe Harbor" clauses in government regulations allow companies to not have to notify customers of occurrences of data theft if that data was encrypted and therefore unreadable.
Furthermore, self-encrypting drives simplify decommissioning and preserve hardware value for returns and repurposing by:
- Eliminating the need to overwrite or destroy the drive
- Securing warranty returns and expired lease returns
- Enabling drives to be repurposed securely
Auto-locking
Insider theft or misplacement is a growing concern for businesses of all sizes; in addition, managers of branch offices and small businesses without strong physical security face greater vulnerability to external theft. Self-encrypting drives include a feature called auto-lock mode to help secure active data against theft.
Using a self-encrypting drive when auto-lock mode is enabled simply requires securing the drive with an authentication key. When secured in this manner, the drive’s data encryption key is locked whenever the drive is powered down. In other words, the moment the self-encrypting drive is switched off or unplugged, it automatically locks down the drive’s data.
When the self-encrypting drive is then powered back on, it requires authentication before being able to unlock its encryption key and read any data on the drive, thus protecting against misplacement and theft.
While using self-encrypting drives just for the instant secure erase is an extremely efficient and effective means to help securely retire a drive, using self-encrypting drives in auto-lock mode provides even more advantages. From the moment the drive or system is removed from the data center (with or without authorization), the drive is locked. No advance thought or action is required from the data center administrator to protect the data. This helps prevent a breach should the drive be mishandled and helps secure the data against the threat of insider or outside theft.
Technical specifications
The following table presents technical specifications for the 5400 MAX SSDs.
Server support
The following tables list the ThinkSystem servers that are compatible.
Storage controller support
SAS and SATA SED drives require a supported controller, either a SAS HBA or a RAID controller, with SED support. SED support of RAID adapters is via the MegaRAID SafeStore functionality of the adapter. SED support of the SAS HBAs (where supported) is by using software on the server (SED commands are passed through the HBA to the drives).
The following table lists which ThinkSystem controllers support the use of SED drives.
Note: Not all servers that support these drives also support all of the adapters supported here. Consult the individual server product guide for specific server support of the adapters.
* A firmware update may be required for SED support
For more information, see the RAID adapter and HBA product guides:
- RAID controllers: https://lenovopress.com/servers/options/raid
- SAS HBAs: https://lenovopress.com/servers/options/hba
To compare the capabilities of these adapters, see the Lenovo ThinkSystem RAID Adapter and HBA Reference:
https://lenovopress.com/LP1288
Operating system support
SAS and SATA SSDs operate transparently to users, storage systems, applications, databases, and operating systems.
Operating system support is based on the controller used to connect to the drives. Consult the controller product guide for more information:
- RAID controllers: https://lenovopress.com/servers/options/raid
- SAS HBAs: https://lenovopress.com/servers/options/hba
IBM SKLM Key Management support
To effectively manage a large deployment of SEDs in Lenovo servers, IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager (SKLM) offers a centralized key management solution. Certain Lenovo servers support Features on Demand (FoD) license upgrades that enable SKLM support.
The following table lists the part numbers and feature codes to enable SKLM support in the management processor of the server.
The IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager software is available from Lenovo using the ordering information listed in the following table.
The following tables list the ThinkSystem servers that support the FoD upgrade license.
Warranty
The 5400 MAX SSDs carry a one-year, customer-replaceable unit (CRU) limited warranty. When the SSDs are installed in a supported server, these drives assume the system’s base warranty and any warranty upgrades.
Solid State Memory cells have an intrinsic, finite number of program/erase cycles that each cell can incur. As a result, each solid state device has a maximum amount of program/erase cycles to which it can be subjected. The warranty for Lenovo solid state drives (SSDs) is limited to drives that have not reached the maximum guaranteed number of program/erase cycles, as documented in the Official Published Specifications for the SSD product. A drive that reaches this limit may fail to operate according to its Specifications.
Physical specifications
The 2.5-inch drives have the following physical specifications (approximate, without the tray):
- Height: 7 mm (0.3 in.)
- Width: 70 mm (2.8 in.)
- Depth: 100 mm (4.0 in.)
- Weight: 70 g (2.5 oz)
The M.2 drives have the following physical specifications:
- Dimensions: 22 mm x 80 mm (2280)
- Thickness: 3.9 mm
Operating environment
The 5400 MAX SSDs are supported in the following environment:
- Operating temperature: 0 to 70°C (32 to 158°F)
- Non-operating temperature: -40 to 85°C (-40 to 185°F)
- Relative humidity: 5 to 95% (non-condensing)
Agency approvals
The 5400 MAX SSDs conform to the following regulations:
- Micron Green Standard
- Built with sulfur resistant resistors
- CE (Europe): EN 55032 Class B, RoHS
- UKCA (UK): SI 2016/1091 Class B and SI 2012/3032 RoHS
- FCC: CFR Title 47, Part 15 Class B
- UL/cUL: approval to UL-60950-1, 2nd Edition, IEC 60950-1:2005 (2nd Edition); EN 60950-1 (2006) + A11:2009+ A1:2010 + A12:2011 + A2:2013
- BSMI (Taiwan): approval to CNS 13438 Class B and CNS 15663
- RCM (Australia, New Zealand): AS/NZS CISPR32 Class B
- KC RRA (Korea): approval to KN32 Class B, KN 35 Class B
- W.E.E.E.: compliance with EU WEEE directive 2012/19/EC
- TUV (Germany): approval to IEC60950/EN60950
- VCCI (Japan): 2015-04 Class B
- IC (Canada): ICES-003 Class B
- Morocco: approval to EN55032/EN55024 Class B
- UkrSEPRO (Ukraine): EN55032 Class B, IEC60950/EN60950, RoHS (Resolution 2017 No. 139)
Related publications and links
For more information, see the following documents:
- Lenovo ThinkSystem storage options product page
https://lenovopress.com/lp0761-storage-options-for-thinksystem-servers - Micron 5400 series product page
https://www.micron.com/5400 - ServerProven for SSDs
http://www.lenovo.com/us/en/serverproven - Lenovo RAID Introduction
https://lenovopress.com/lp0578-lenovo-raid-introduction - Lenovo RAID Management Tools and Resources
https://lenovopress.com/lp0579-lenovo-raid-management-tools-and-resources
Trademarks
Lenovo and the Lenovo logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Lenovo in the United States, other countries, or both. A current list of Lenovo trademarks is available on the Web at https://www.lenovo.com/us/en/legal/copytrade/.
The following terms are trademarks of Lenovo in the United States, other countries, or both:
Lenovo®
ServerProven®
System x®
ThinkSystem®
The following terms are trademarks of other companies:
AMD is a trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Intel® is a trademark of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries.
Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.
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Full Change History
Changes in the May 5, 2023 update:
- Added the following 3.5-inch drive:
- ThinkSystem 3.5" 5400 MAX 1.92TB Mixed Use SATA 6Gb HS SSD, 4XB7A87202
First published: August 23, 2022
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