Lenovo ThinkSystem D4390 Direct Attached Storage Enclosure

The Lenovo ThinkSystem D4390 Direct Attached Storage Enclosure offers 24 Gbps SAS direct-attached drive-rich storage expansion capabilities that are designed to provide density, speed, scalability, security, and high availability for high-capacity application. The D4390 delivers enterprise-class storage technology in a cost-effective dense solution with flexible drive configurations of up to 90 drives in 4U rack space and host-RAID or JBOD (“Just a Bunch Of Drives”) non-RAID host connectivity.

The Lenovo ThinkSystem D4390 is ideal for high-capacity scratch storage for HPC simulations and object storage for unstructured data. Typical use cases also include video streaming, global file sharing, big data and analytics, video surveillance, private and hybrid clouds, and backup and archiving.

Figure 1. D4390 High Density Expansion Enclosure

360° View Full 3D Tour

The Lenovo ThinkSystem D4390 supports 24 Gbps SAS connectivity, which doubles the data transfer rate compared to 12 Gbps SAS solutions to maximize performance of storage I/O-intensive applications.

With support for daisy chaining, the D4390 can be scaled up seamlessly to 3.240 PB for capacity-optimized configurations.

The Lenovo ThinkSystem D4390 Direct Attached Storage Enclosure is a single, flexible expansion platform that utilizes existing infrastructure, providing a lower TCO and immediate savings on traditional capital costs.

Key features and benefits provided by the Lenovo ThinkSystem D4390 include:

• Versatile, scalable storage expansion with dual Electronic Service Module (ESM) configurations for high availability and performance
• Flexible host connectivity to match diverse client needs for direct attach storage with support.  Users are able to use either 12 Gb SAS or RAID adapters for advanced data protection. At a later date we will also introduce support for a 24Gb SAS HBA for end-to-end 24Gb connectivity
• Support 90x 3.5-inch large form factor (LFF) 12Gb Nearline SAS drives in a 4U rack space
• Scalability of up to 180 drives per HBA with the attachment of up to two D4390 daisy-chained high density expansion enclosures
• Flexibility in storing data on high performance SAS SSDs or capacity-optimized enterprise NL SAS HDDs; mixing and matching drive types on a single HBA to perfectly meet performance and capacity requirements for various workloads
• Support multiple host attachments (zoning function)

The D4390 Direct Attached Storage Enclosure is designed to support a wide range of data storage requirements, from highly utilized applications to high-capacity, low usage applications.

The following SAS drives are supported by the D4390:

• High-capacity, archival-class nearline HDDs, up to 24 TB 7.2K rpm
• High performance SSDs (2.5" drive in 3.5" tray): 800 GB

Additional drives and expansion units are designed to be dynamically added with virtually no downtime (operating system dependent), helping to quickly and seamlessly respond to growing capacity demands.

The D4390 Direct Attached Storage Enclosure is designed to offer high levels of system and data availability with the following technologies:

• Dual ESMs provide redundant paths from a supported HBA to the drives in the enclosures for I/O load balancing and failover
• Dual-port drives (both HDDs and SSDs)
• Redundant hardware, including host ports, ESMs, power supplies, 5V DC/DC regulators and cooling fans
• Hot-swappable and customer replaceable components; including ESMs, power supplies, cooling fans, 5V DC/DC modules, and drives

The following figures show the rear angled of the D4390 Direct Attached Storage Enclosure.

Figure 2. Rear view of the D4390 Direct Attached Storage Enclosure

Notes:

• The ESMs (shown in the previous figure) have additional service ports, and these ports are reserved for use by a Lenovo service technician.
• The Ethernet management ports on the ESMs are disabled.

The following table lists the D4390 standard system specifications.

Note : For the latest operating system and host adapter interoperability support, please visit LSIC web page.

ThinkSystem D4390 models can be configured by using the Lenovo Data Center Solution Configurator (DCSC).

Configure-to-order (CTO) models are used to create models with factory-integrated server customizations. For CTO models, two base CTO models are available for the D4390 as listed in the following table, CTO1WW and CTOLWW:

• The CTO1WW base CTO model is for general business and is selectable by choosing General Purpose mode in DCSC.
• The CTOLWW base model is intended for High Performance Computing (HPC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) configurations and solutions, including configurations for Lenovo Scalable Infrastructure (LeSI), and is enabled using either the HPC & AI LeSI Solutions mode or HPC & AI Hardware mode in DCSC. CTOLWW configurations can also be built using System x and Cluster Solutions Configurator (x-config).

The following table lists the relationship models of the D4390 drive enclosures.

Topics in this section:

• Enclosure port detail
• Connectivity topologies
• SAS Zoning

Enclosure port detail

The D4390 high density expansion enclosure supports dual electronic service module (ESM) configurations. Each ESM has four universal 12/24 Gb SAS x4 ports (Mini-SAS HD SFF-8674 connectors). These ports are used for connections to a supported SAS RAID controller or SAS HBA installed in a server and for daisy chaining the D4390 enclosures between each other.

Typical convention leverages the ports as follows:

• A, B, C ports are for upstream
• D ports for downstream 

Note: Any port can be an "upstream" or "downstream" port

Up to two Lenovo ThinkSystem D4390 can be daisy-chained with support for up to 1 host server attached to the chain.

Without daisy-chaining, a standalone Lenovo ThinkSystem D4390 can support up to four directly attached host servers with zoning function enabled.

• There is no support for intermixing chaining with D1212/D1224/D3284.

Connectivity topologies

The following figures illustrate different host connectivity topologies.

Figure 4. Connectivity topology one host with one RAID adapter and 1xD4390

Figure 5. Connectivity topology one host with one HBA adapter and 2xD4390

SAS Zoning

The SAS zoning function of D4390 allows multiple host servers to access the JBOD enclosure at the same time independently. If the zoning function is disabled (zone mode 0), the attached host server can access all the drives in the enclosure. If the zoning function is enabled (zone mode 1 or 2 or 3), each connected host server has exclusive access to a predefined set of drives in the same enclosure through different SAS ports on the ESM module. Different zone modes will have different drive partitions in association to the SAS ports on the ESM module. With zone mode set to 1, there are two equal size zones. With zone mode set to 2, there are three equal size zones. With zone mode set to 3, there are four zones (22/23/22/23). The following table shows all supported zone configurations.

• With zone mode enabled, daisy-chaining D4390 is not supported. Therefore, there is no downstream expansion port. It’s always a single, standalone D4390 enclosure when its zone mode is enabled.

The following table lists the supported zoning configurations

* Zone mode 0/1/2/3 are the value you use to enable/disable the zoning function using Lenstor utility. In zone mode 2, SAS port D on the ESM module will be disabled.
** If the hosts are running an OS/Application that supports SCSI reservations, for example a parallel distributed file system, more than 1 host attachment could be supported, but that is beyond the ability of the enclosure to enforce in zone mode 0.

The following figures illustrate different zone modes:

Zone mode 1

Figure 6. Zone mode 1 for D4390 enclosure

Zone mode 2

Figure 7. Zone mode 2 for D4390 enclosure

Zone mode 3

Figure 8. Zone mode 3 for D4390 enclosure

With zone mode 3, a single D4390 JBOD enclosure can support up to four individual host servers with the following cabling configuration as an example. Each host server can use either a SAS HBA (non-RAID) or a RAID adapter.

The following is connectivity topology of four host servers attached to one D4390 JBOD enclosure

Figure 9. Four host servers attached to one D4390 JBOD enclosure

The following table lists ordering information for the SAS cables that are supported with the D4390.

Note: For end-to-end 24Gb connectivity you will need 24Gb SAS adapter and 24Gb cable to connect to D4390

Configuration notes:

• Y-cables are not supported.
• For host server with CMA function, it requires another 1 meter distance to travel for the server CMA installation. The 2 meter SAS cable may not be long enough for this purpose. Plan accordingly.

The D4390 Direct Attached Storage Enclosure supports up to 90x 3.5-inch hot-swap drives. The supported drive types are NL-SAS HDDs and SAS SSDs.

The following rules apply when adding drives to a system that start with less than 90 drives:

• For HDDs, add only complete rows of 15 drives at a time starting from the back of the system (the row next to the fan modules, row 6) and moving towards the front (row1).
• A partial filled row (except the back row, row 6) of drives (less than 15) is allowed, but if additional drives are added later, the row must be filled completely before adding more drives to the next empty row.
• While SSDs are supported in any of the 90 drive slots, for lowest possible latency on the SSD drives it is recommended to use slot 1 to slot 12 on row 1.
• HDDs and SSDs can be mixed and coexist on any row in the enclosure.

• Intermixing HDDs of various sizes within a row is supported.

The following tables list drive options for the D4390 Direct Attached Storage.

The Lenovo ThinkSystem D4390 Direct Attached Storage Enclosure supports up to four redundant hot-swap power supplies. In the Lenovo configurators power supplies are automatically derived and not individually configurable.

​​​​​

• The D4390 Titanium 1300W AC-DC CSRP power supply operates at both 230V and 110V.
• The D4390 Titanium 1300W AC-DC CSRP power supply supports AutoSensing of the input power.
• At 230V the power supplies are N+N (N=2), 2+2. If 1 or 2 PSUs fail. Unit can operate with as few 2 PSUs.
• At 110V the power supplies are N+1 (N=3), 3+1. If 1 PSU fails. Unit operates at 3 PSUs.

Power cords

• Line cords and rack power cables with C13 connectors can be ordered as listed in the following table.

* Four cables are needed with the D4390 models listed in the Models section.

Due to the absence of a web interface for enclosure management and the inactivation of the RJ45 port, all enclosure management functions and services must be conducted through in-band SAS commands. To facilitate this process, Lenovo offers the Lenstor utility, which aids customers in firmware updates, log collection, overall status assessment, and all other enclosure management tasks.

The Lenstor utility is a binary executable file compatible with Linux-based operating systems, such as RedHat and SLES as well as Windows Server operating systems. Please note that this utility is exclusively designed for the ThinkSystem D4390 enclosure, allowing hosts with either non-RAID or RAID adapters installed and connected to the D4390 to interact with the enclosure(s).

Before updating the firmware, it is a good practice to back up the user data, and configuration of RAID adapter. With zoning function enabled, it is highly recommended to stop all I/O between host server and the drives in ThinkSystem D4390 enclosure before performing the firmware update.

To download the Lenstor utility, please visit the Lenovo Data Center Support page. Additionally, we recommend reviewing the accompanying readme file within the Lenstor utility software package for further information under Drivers & Software from same support page noted above.

The ThinkSystem D4390 is a Direct Attached Storage (DAS) enclosure that does not feature Ethernet capabilities or a web management interface. Its serial COM port is secured by a user-defined password. Provided that the host server to which the ThinkSystem D4390 is connected is secure and well-protected, the enclosure remains free from security vulnerabilities.

A fully assembled D4390 enclosure can weigh up to 100kg. To ensure a safe and efficient installation experience, the following guidelines should be observed:

• Stability is maintained by starting the installation of enclosures at the bottom of the rack.
• Rack cabinet balance can be enhanced by securing it to the floor using stabilizers.
• When installing multiple D4390 enclosures in a single rack, it is recommended to begin from the bottom and work upwards.
• To prevent a rack from tipping over while servicing drives in a rack with multiple D4390 enclosures, only one enclosure should be pulled out at a time, and pulling out multiple enclosures simultaneously should be avoided.

The D4390 system base includes the necessary railkits for seamless rack installation. Detailed railkit installation instructions can be found in the D4390 Hardware Installation and Maintenance Guide. For a quick reference, the Getting Started Guide poster, provided with the system base package, can also be consulted.

The Lenovo ThinkSystem D4390 has the following overall physical dimensions, excluding components that extend outside the standard chassis, such as EIA flanges, front security bezel (if any), and power supply handles:

• Height: 175.3mm (6.9 in)
• Width: 446mm (17.56 in)
• Depth: 1080mm (42.52 in) w/ CMA

The following table lists the detailed dimensions. See the figure below for the definition of each

The following figure illustrates the detailed dimensions.

Figure 10. Detailed dimensions

The shipping dimensions (cardboard packaging) of the D4390 are as follows:

• Width: 625 mm (24.6 inches)
• Height: 805 mm (31.7 inches)
• Depth: 1220 mm (48 inches)

 The JBOD enclosure has the following weight:

• Base configuration: 45kg (95lbs)
• Maximum weight: 118kg (260lbs)

 Electrical specifications for AC input power supplies:

• Input voltage:
  • 100 to 127 (nominal) Vac, 50 Hz or 60 Hz
  • 200 to 240 (nominal) Vac, 50 Hz or 60 Hz
• Inlet current:
  • 100 to 127Vac / 12A     
  • 200 to 240 Vac / 8.5A
  • 240 Vdc / 6A

The D4390 expansion enclosures are supported in the following environment:

• Air temperature:

  • ASHRAE Class A2: 10°C to 35°C (50°F to 95°F); the maximum ambient temperature decreases by 1°C for every 300 m (984 ft) increase in altitude above 900 m (2,953 ft).

  • Shipment/storage: -40 °C to 60 °C (-104 °F to 140 °F)

• Maximum altitude:
  • Operating: 3050 m (10,007 ft) (temperature de-rating 950m@35°C, 3050m@28°C)
  • Non-operating: 12,000 m (39,370 ft)
• Relative Humidity (non-condensing):
  • Operating:
    • ASHRAE Class A2: 8% to 85%; maximum dew point: 21°C (70°F)
  • Shipment/storage: 8% to 95% (no precipitation)

Heat output

• The system generates the following heat:
• Maximum power load: 1930W
• Maximum Heat output: 5827.94 BTU/hour
• Idle power load: 1312 W
• Idle Heat output: 4473.9 BTU/hour

Acoustical noise emissions

• The system has the following acoustic noise emissions declaration:
• Sound power level (LWAd):
  • Idling: 7.0 Bel
  • Operating: 7.6 Bel

Notes:

• These sound levels were measured in controlled acoustical environments according to procedures specified by ISO7779 and are reported in accordance with ISO 9296.
• The declared acoustic sound levels are based on the following configurations, which may change slightly depending on configuration/conditions.
• The declared acoustic noise levels may increase greatly, if high-power components are installed such as SSD.
• Government regulations (such as those prescribed by OSHA or European Community Directives) may govern noise level exposure in the workplace and may apply to you and your server installation. The actual sound pressure levels in your installation depend upon a variety of factors, including the number of racks in the installation; the size, materials, and configuration of the room; the noise levels from other equipment; the room ambient temperature, and employee's location in relation to the equipment. Further, compliance with such government regulations depends on a variety of additional factors, including the duration of employees' exposure and whether employees wear hearing protection. Lenovo recommends that you consult with qualified experts in this field to determine whether you are in compliance with the applicable regulations.

Shock and vibration

The system has the following vibration and shock limits:

• Vibration:
  • Operating: 278 G rms at 5 Hz to 500 Hz for 30 minutes across 3 axes
  • Non-operating: 04 G rms at 2 Hz to 200 Hz for 15 minutes across 4 surfaces
• Shock:
  • Operating: 10 G for 5 milliseconds in each direction (positive and negative X, Y, and Z axes)
  • Non-operating:
    • 23 kg - 31 kg: 35 G for 152 in./sec velocity change across 4 surfaces (excluding front and rear faces)
    • 32 kg - 68 kg: 35 G for 136 in./sec velocity change across 4 surfaces (excluding front and rear faces)
    • 69 kg – 106 kg: 25G for 118 in./sec velocity change across 4 surfaces (excluding front and rear faces)

Particulate contamination

Airborne particulates (including metal flakes or particles) and reactive gases acting alone or in combination with other environmental factors such as humidity or temperature might damage the system that might cause the system to malfunction or stop working altogether.

The following specifications indicate the limits of particulates that the system can tolerate:

• Reactive gases:
  • The reactivity rate of copper coupons shall be less than 200 Angstroms per month (Å/month)
  • The reactivity rate of silver coupons shall be less than 200 Å/month
• Airborne particulates:
  • The room air should be continuously filtered with MERV 8 filters.
  • Air entering a data center should be filtered with MERV 11 or preferably MERV 13 filters.
  • The deliquescent relative humidity of the particulate contamination should be more than 60% RH
  • Data centers must be free of zinc whiskers

For additional information, see the Specifications section of the Setup Guide for the system, available from the Lenovo Documents site, https://pubs.lenovo.com/

The Lenovo ThinkSystem D4390 has a three-year customer-replaceable unit (CRU) warranty with standard call center support during normal business hours and 9x5 Next Business Day Parts Delivered.

Lenovo’s additional support services provide a sophisticated, unified support structure for a customer's data center, with an experience consistently ranked number one in customer satisfaction worldwide.

The following Lenovo support services are available:

• Premier Support provides a Lenovo-owned customer experience and delivers direct access to technicians skilled in hardware, software, and advanced troubleshooting, in addition to the following capabilities:
  • Direct technician-to-technician access through a dedicated phone line.
  • 24x7x365 remote support.
  • Single point of contact service.
  • End to end case management.
  • 3rd Party collaborative software support.
  • Online case tools and live chat support.
  • On-demand remote system analysis.
• Warranty Upgrades (Preconfigured Support) are available to meet the on-site response time targets that match the criticality of your systems:
  • 3, 4, or 5 years of service coverage.
  • 1-year or 2-year post-warranty extensions.
  • Foundation Service: 9x5 service coverage with next business day onsite response, with optional YourDrive YourData.
  • Essential Service: 24x7 service coverage with 4-hour onsite response or 24-hour committed repair (available only in select regions), with optional YourDrive YourData.
  • Advanced Service: 24x7 service coverage with 2-hour onsite response or 6-hour committed repair (available only in select regions), with optional YourDrive YourData.
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Lenovo Managed Services provide continuous 24x7 remote monitoring (plus 24x7 call center availability) and proactive management of a customer's data center using state of the art tools, systems, and practices by a team of highly skilled and experienced Lenovo services professionals.

Quarterly reviews check error logs, verify firmware and operating system device driver levels, and software as needed. Lenovo will also maintain records of latest patches, critical updates, and firmware levels, to ensure customer's systems are providing business value through optimized performance.

• Technical Account Management (TAM)

A Lenovo Technical Account Manager helps customers optimize operations of their data centers based on a deep understanding of customer's business. Customers gain direct access to a Lenovo TAM, who serves as their single point of contact to expedite service requests, provide status updates, and furnish reports to track incidents over time. Also, a TAM helps proactively make service recommendations and manage service relationship with Lenovo to make certain that customer's needs are met.

• YourDrive YourData

Lenovo’s YourDrive YourData service is a multi-drive retention offering that ensures that customer's data is always under their control, regardless of the number of drives that are installed in their Lenovo server. In the unlikely event of a drive failure, customers retain possession of their drive while Lenovo replaces the failed drive part. Customer's data stays safely on customer premises, in their hands. The YourDrive YourData service can be purchased in convenient bundles with Foundation, Essential, or Advanced Service upgrades and extensions.

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Some regions might have different warranty terms and conditions than the standard warranty. This is due to local business practices or laws in the specific region. Local service teams can assist in explaining region-specific terms when needed. Examples of region-specific warranty terms are second or longer business day parts delivery or parts-only base warranty.

If warranty terms and conditions include onsite labor for repair or replacement of parts, Lenovo will dispatch a service technician to the customer site to perform the replacement. Onsite labor under base warranty is limited to labor for replacement of parts that have been determined to be field-replaceable units (FRUs). Parts that are determined to be customer-replaceable units (CRUs) do not include onsite labor under base warranty.

If warranty terms include parts-only base warranty, Lenovo is responsible for delivering only replacement parts that are under base warranty (including FRUs) that will be sent to a requested location for self-service. Parts-only service does not include a service technician being dispatched onsite. Parts must be changed at customer’s own cost and labor and defective parts must be returned following the instructions supplied with the spare parts.

Lenovo support services are region-specific. Not all support services are available in every region. For information about Lenovo support services that are available in a specific region, refer to the following resources:

• Service part numbers in Data Center Solution Configurator (DCSC):
  http://dcsc.lenovo.com/#/services
• Lenovo Services Availability Locator
  https://lenovolocator.com/

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For more information, consult the brochure Lenovo Operational Support Services for Data Centers.

Lenovo Managed Services

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Lenovo Managed Services provides continuous 24x7 remote monitoring (plus 24x7 call center availability) and proactive management of your data center using state-of-the-art tools, systems, and practices by a team of highly skilled and experienced Lenovo services professionals.

Quarterly reviews check error logs, verify firmware & OS device driver levels, and software as needed. We’ll also maintain records of latest patches, critical updates, and firmware levels, to ensure you systems are providing business value through optimized performance.

Lenovo Sustainability Services

• Asset Recovery Services

  Lenovo Asset Recovery Services (ARS) provides a secure, seamless solution for managing end-of-life IT assets, ensuring data is safely sanitized while contributing to a more circular IT lifecycle. By maximizing the reuse or responsible recycling of devices, ARS helps businesses meet sustainability goals while recovering potential value from their retired equipment. For more information, see the Asset Recovery Services offering page.

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The Lenovo ThinkSystem D4390 conforms to the following regulations:

• BSMI CNS 13438, Class A; CNS 14336 (Taiwan)
• CE UKCA Mark (European Union)
• CISPR 32 and 35, Class A
• EAC (Russia)
• EN55032, Class A
• EN55035
• FCC Part 15, Class A (United States)
• ICES-003/NMB-03, Class A (Canada)
• IEC/EN60950-1
• MSIP (Korea)
• NOM-019 (Mexico)
• RCM (Australia)
• Reduction of Hazardous Substances (ROHS)
• UL/CSA IEC 62368-1
• VCCI, Class A (Japan)

Lenovo provides end-to-end storage compatibility testing to deliver interoperability throughout the network. The Lenovo ThinkSystem D4390 supports attachment to hosts that support the RAID controllers and HBAs listed in the SAS RAID controllers and HBAs section.

For end-to-end storage configuration support, refer to the Lenovo Storage Interoperation Center (LSIC):
https://datacentersupport.lenovo.com/us/en/lsic

Use the LSIC to select the known components of your configuration and then get a list all other supported combinations, with details about supported hardware, firmware, operating systems, and drivers, plus any additional configuration notes. View results on screen or export them to Excel.

The Lenovo ThinkSystem D4390 support the RAID adapters and HBAs that are listed in the following table.

• For SAS RAID controllers, the controller's firmware manages multiple I/O paths to SAS drives. 
• For SAS HBAs, the host operating system runs multi-pathing software to manage multiple I/O paths.

The following table lists the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) units that are offered by Lenovo.

For more information, see the list of Product Guides in the UPS category:
https://lenovopress.com/servers/options/ups

The following table lists the power distribution units (PDUs) that are offered by Lenovo.

For more information, see the Lenovo Press documents in the PDU category:
https://lenovopress.com/servers/options/pdu

The following table lists the supported rack cabinets.

Note: Cabling routing will be difficult on a 1100mm rack. Recommendation is to use a 1200mm rack.

For specifications about these racks, see the Lenovo Rack Cabinet Reference, available from:
https://lenovopress.com/lp1287-lenovo-rack-cabinet-reference

For more information, see the list of Product Guides in the Rack cabinets category:
https://lenovopress.com/servers/options/racks

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The following sales training courses are offered for employees and partners (login required). Courses are listed in date order.

1. Positioning Lenovo Direct Attached Storage
   2023-02-01 | 20 minutes | Employees and Partners
   Details
   Positioning Lenovo Direct Attached Storage
   
   

   Course Description: This course provides an overview of Lenovo's DAS storage products and the unique value proposition. Completing this course will allow you to help your customer understand how these products address their business needs, communicate the unique value proposition of these products, and identify the elements of an effective elevator pitch for Lenovo DAS products. Last Update: 2/1/2023
   
   Tags: Sales, Storage

   Published: 2023-02-01
   Length: 20 minutes
   

   Start the training:
   Employee link: Grow@Lenovo
   Partner link: Lenovo Partner Learning
   

   Course code: DDASP100r2

For more information, see the following documents:

• Lenovo Storage product page
  https://www.lenovo.com/us/en/data-center/storage/
• Lenovo Data Center Solution Configurator
  http://dcsc.lenovo.com
• System x and Cluster Solutions Configurator (x-config)
  https://lesc.lenovo.com/products/hardware/configurator/worldwide/bhui/asit/install.html
• Lenovo Storage D4390 Support
  https://datacentersupport.lenovo.com/us/en/products/storage/lenovo-storage/